Overview
STAM is a multidisciplinary engineering company based in Italy that provides high-tech custom solutions to meet its client’s business challenges. The company leverages its expert knowledge from across engineering domains, including the security and transport sectors, sustainability and the circular economy, defense robotics, industry 4.0, and more. The company is an active participant in European Union research projects.
Problem
Due to terrorist attacks in Europe in recent years, the European Commission developed its funding opportunities for projects that improve public security and counter terrorist activities.
STAM worked on one such project. Its engineers created a simulation model of metro station crowd behavior for the purpose of analyzing different attack scenarios.
The objective of the crowd modeling was to simulate passenger behavior in metro station infrastructure during its normal state and facilitate comparison with various attack scenarios. Engineers also wanted to reveal and analyze any critical vulnerabilities in public infrastructure, using the capabilities of the model for evacuation simulation.

Solution
Engineers simulated an open-air metro station with two independent entrances and two floors. The train platform is located on the upper floor. The model also included station facilities that can be used by pedestrians during their travel time, such as ATMs, toilets, a coffee point, and shops.
Within the framework of the model, STAM engineers created three metro station attack scenarios:
- Bomb explosion
- Melee weapon attack
- Drone attack
Each type of attack was represented in the model as an agent. For each agent, engineers created a statechart that represented the different phases of an attack. And, by combining statecharts with flowcharts, the agents could move around inside the simulation environment. The only agent without a flow chart was the explosive agent, due to it not needing to move and being represented as a static agent.

Using AnyLogic’s 2D and 3D animation capabilities makes it possible to observe simulation model runs in many different ways, allowing analysts to examine agent behavior for each scenario in a simulation environment.

For the first scenario, with the explosive, the model showed the effects of the bomb’s explosion and the response triggered by it, including the reaction times of pedestrians in the vicinity and their evacuation.
For the scenario with the melee weapon, the model revealed that crowds took longer to react and evacuate due to the localized character of the attack. Also, the model showed the movement of the terrorist trying to leave the station and being stopped by security.
Finally, in the third scenario, with the drone, the attack happens while a train is arriving at the station – when the amount of people on the platform is at a maximum.
Result
The density maps associated with the crowd modeling helped analysts identify critical areas for pedestrian flow and the points where potentially dangerous situations may arise.
All scenarios provided results for comparison, showing the number of casualties, injured, and exposed, as well as the overall evacuation time and critical areas.

The results of the crowd modeling show that the average time of evacuation is approximately the same regardless of the scenario. The explanation is simply that the metro station infrastructure is the same for all scenarios. The capacity and evacuation routes are the same in each case.
Although evacuation times are similar, the number of casualties is not and depends on the type of attack. The drone attack caused the greatest number of casualties and injuries due to its targeting of a train arrival, when pedestrian numbers are at maximum density.
The company continues to collaborate with EU Commission on the terrorism safety project.
Furthermore, STAM plans make additions to their project. For example, a smart signaling system to improve evacuation times. They also intend to implement and simulate security systems that are based on artificial intelligence algorithms that can recognize suspicious objects, such as a bomb. Evaluating these systems can determine how they can best help prevent an attack.
The case study was presented by Pietro De Vito, of STAM, at the AnyLogic Conference 2021.
The slides are available as a PDF >>

同様のケーススタディ
-
フランクフルト空港における乗客の移動シミュレーション
Fraport AG社は、国際空港の運用会社として、空港産業における世界的な企業です。フランクフルト空港は、 世界的に重要なハブ空港として1日当たり140.000人を超える乗客と毎時80機以上の航空機が離発着します- フランクフルト空港はFraport AGの本拠地です。
-
Transforming Smart City Transport with eVTOL Urban Mobility Solutions
Archer Aviation is reshaping urban mobility by introducing a fleet of electric aircraft designed to operate in urban environments. These aircraft can save valuable time by utilizing the third dimension. To support them, the company focused on utilizing a network of vertiports from which these aircraft would take off and land...
-
モントリオール国際空港:早期バッグ保管システム実装のシミュレーション
GSS Inc.はカナダのエンジニアリング会社であり、主要なインフラストラクチャおよび変換プロジェクトのコンテキストでのシミュレーションと最適化に重点を置いた戦略的および技術的なコンサルティングサービスを提供しています。GSSは、医療、空港、輸送、物流、製造など、さまざまな業界のクライアントを支援します。世界中の顧客リストには、ジョンソン・エンド・ジョンソン、ボンバルディア、ABB、ニコン、カナダ政府機関が含まれます。
-
シミュレーションによる空港プロセスの最適化と輸送施設の設計
TranSystems社は、運送業界で25年以上のモデリング経験を持つ建築家およびエンジニアリング企業です。同社は、鉄道、空港、港、道路、サプライチェーン、産業施設の自動化、さらにはレストランや病院施設での迅速なサービスタイプの運用に関連するプロジェクトに取り組んでいます。
-
AnyLogicでイギリス海峡横断
AREP("SNCF Gares & Connexions"の子会社)は、パリの地下鉄Gare du nordターミナルの利用を最適化するためのシミュレーション・モデルを開発しました。主な目的は、乗客の待ち時間の縮小と乗客の管理についてでした。モデルは、これらのエリアにおいて考えられる機能障害を評価します。
-
モントリオール国際空港向け スマート荷物処理システム構築
2020年以降、世界的なパンデミックの影響で、世界中の空港の乗客数が減少しました。このパンデミックが沈静化し始めるにつれ、空港は利用者数の増加が続いています。そのため、モントリオール国際空港は、この成長を促進するために、主に空港、航空宇宙、エネルギー、健康とライフサイエンス、およびサプライチェーンを専門に扱うカナダに拠点を置くコンサルタント会社である GSS にスマート荷物処理システムの開発を依頼しました。
-
AnyLogicエージェントベースモデリングによる航空機メンテナンスプロセス改善
私たちは、移動に航空機を利用しますが、安全な運航を確保する為に必要な航空機のメンテナンスが、いかに複雑なものなのかを知り得ません。軍用機メンテナンス・ターンアラウンド・プロセス(航空機の着陸、燃料の補給、再軍備、点検、検査、離陸までの期間)はさらに複雑であり、多数の相互作用および並列のワークフローを含んでいます。
-
AnyLogicはエッフェル塔の観光客を解析します
エッフェル塔事業会社(SETE)は、モニュメントでの観光客の流れを最適化するためにAnyLogicソフトウェアを使用しました。それにより、エンジニアは、観光客の移動のコントロールで、デザイン変更などせずにビジターの数を増加させることができました。
-
軍用機のメンテナンススケジューリングと人員配置の最適化
王立電気機械技術者グループ(The Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers / REME)は、国内外の英国陸軍向け電子機器の保守、修理及び製造を任されています。
-
Aircraft Maintenance Planning: Intuition vs Modeling for High Performance
The Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex transformed its aircraft maintenance planning using a structured, data-supported approach through AnyLogic simulation modeling. It helped save up to $25,000 by avoiding impractical solutions and reducing repair time. AnyLogic modeling capabilities facilitated a thorough analysis of...